IOAgua - Las Noticias Internacionales

9 África Informaciones: Tel.: +33 5 55 11 47 70 - E-mail: communication@oieau.fr El proyecto europeo AfriAlliance (2016-2020) ha alcanzado su medio plazo y ha finalizado su tercer año con resultados muy positivos en sus actividades. El proyecto tiene como objetivo desarrollar las habilidades de África para responder a los de­ safíos del cambio climático trabajando juntos y compartiendo soluciones innovadoras entre las redes existentes en África y Europa. La OIAgua y la RIOC son dos socios en el con­ sorcio, que incluye otras 14 redes en ambos continentes. Se realizaron nuevos talleres en Mali y Kenia para intercambiar sobre las necesidades y la innovación social relacionadas con el agua y los impactos del cambio climático. Concluye­ ron el primer ciclo de reuniones entre organis­ mos de cuenca, investigadores, organizacio­ nes de la sociedad civil y servicios del agua. Los resultados de estos talleres contribuye­ ron a reflexionar sobre el estado de la inves­ tigación y disponibilidad de los resultados, y llevaron a propuestas para nuevas direccio­ nes estratégicas en materia de financiación de la investigación. El primer paso fue elaborar una lista de requi­ sitos de innovación social. Luego, los socios recopilaron datos sobre soluciones existentes en respuesta a las necesidades identificadas. Las necesidades y los resultados de la in­ vestigación luego se ingresan en una base de datos administrada por la OIAgua, que también es responsable de producir un informe que presenta el esta­ do general de la situación. En lo que concierne a la comunicación, una nueva serie de hojas informativas temáticas sobre la innovación social se publicará próxi­ mamente. Una primera serie, disponible en francés e inglés, está disponible en la página web del proyecto y cubre el tema general de la vigi­ lancia. Esta segunda serie se centra en la ges­ tión de los recursos hídricos frente al cambio climático. El proyecto está iniciando una nueva fase de acontecimientos, esta vez centrada en la transferibilidad de las soluciones, invitan­ do a los actores de campo y proveedores a reunirse en talleres de transferencia y talleres itinerantes que demuestran soluciones inno­ vadoras en toda África. Toda esta información está disponible en la página web: www.afrialliance.org 4 AfriAlliance Soluciones innovadoras para el agua y el clima en África Las Noticias N° 29 CEEAC Creación de un organismo de cuenca transfronteriza en África Central El grupo integrado por BRL Ingénierie y la OIAgua fue seleccionado por la Comu- nidad Económica de los Estados de África Central (CEEAC) para llevar a cabo un estudio sobre la creación de un Organismo de Cuenca Transfronteriza. En efecto, con el fin de hacer que la Ges­ tión Integrada de los Recursos Hídricos (GIRH) sea más efectiva en todo su terri­ torio, la CEEAC decidió establecer una estructura que reúne cuatro de sus Esta­ dos Miembros (Camerún, Congo, Gabón y Guinea Ecuatorial) para una mejor gestión compartida de los recursos hídricos de las cuencas de los Ríos Ogooué, Ntem, Nyanga y Komo. En estas cuencas, temas como el monito­ reo hidrológico común y el desarrollo de la hidroelectricidad requieren una buena coordinación entre todos los estados invo­ lucrados. La contribución de la OIAgua al estudio es proporcionar orientación técnica para la GIRH. El proyecto se inició en el último trimestre de 2018 con un taller de lanzamiento que reunió a representantes de todos los paí­ ses involucrados. 4 Taller de lanzamiento Diciembre de 2018 afri alliance social innovation Monitoring «drinkingwater» quality for improvedhealth inAfrica The overall objective of the AfriAlliance Social Inno- vation Factsheets (SIF) is to highlight innovation oppor- tunities that scientists, NGOs, managers and SMEs can act upon, in order to foster short-term improvements in the preparedness of African stakeholders for water and climate change challenges. Over the duration of AfriAlliance (2016-2021), four setsofSIFswillbedelivered. Each setwill coveronemain theme and explore it across five Social Innovation Fact- sheets.Monitoring is themain themeof thisfirst seriesof SIFs, covering the followingfive sub-themes: Monitoring«drinkingwater»quality for improved health inAfrica (thisSIF). Monitoring ofwater availability in terms of quality and quantity for food security. Monitoring climate for early warning systems to prepare for extremeweather events. Monitoringgroundwaterquantity toensuresustai- nableuse and avoidwater conflicts. Monitoringwaterpollutionby industriesandurban areas toprotect humanhealth and ecosystems. As detailed below, social innovation combines four dimensions: technological,governance, capacitydevelop- ment and business roadmap. Each is described in a spe- cific sectionof this thematicSocial Innovation Factsheet. DESCRIPTION Access to safe and cleandrinking-water is abasichuman right, asdeclared during the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in 2010.Moreover, an in- dicator and target on safe drinking-waterwas included in the UN Sustainable DevelopmentGoals, in 2015. Climate change is recognised to have “both direct and indirect impact on human health” (ClimDev-Africa, 2013; UNECA, 2011). This social in- novation factsheet focuses on the link between climate (change) impact and water availability that endangerspopu- lation health as “many of Africa’s cur- renthealthproblemsarea resultof fre- quentcontactwithcontaminatedwater and open sewerage” (ClimDev-Africa, 2013;UNECA,2011).Outbreaksofdiseases transmittedbywaterhave amajor impact on human health through diseases such as cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A andmany typesof diarrhoea.Water qualitymonitoring is as amajor concern forsociety. In termsofwaterqualityand its related impactsonhealth, twomain sources of pollution can be distinguished: chemical and (micro)biological. As thechemicalsource isgenerallychronicandof long term impact (except forac- cidental pollution),monitoring themicrobiological quality ofwater is of higher priority. The quality ofwater depending on the living area - urban or rural - varies a lot according to its source (rainwater, surfacewater or groundwater) as the water supplies’ treat-ment cost. Generally, groundwater sources are of better quality andmay only require source protection and disinfection,whereas sur- facewater is often contaminated and requires treatment beforeuse. 1 2 3 4 5 SOCIETALCHALLENGES INAFRICADUETOCLIMATECHANGE •Given themanifesta- tionsofClimateChange and theconstraintsof ecosystemsaswellas socio-economicsystems, thesocietalchallenges in Africaare to: –ensure foodsecurity, watersecurityandenergy securityand thebalance among them (short term), – transform intoa low carbon, resilientand sustainablesociety (long term). SOCIAL INNOVATION • InAfriAlliance, social innovationmeans tackling societal,water-related challenges arising from ClimateChangeby combining the technological& non-technological dimensions of innovation. •Social innovation refers to those processes and outcomes focussed on addressing societal goals, unsatisfied collectiveneeds or societal – asop- posed tomere economic – returns. It isparticularly salient in the contextof the complex and cross-cut- ting challenges thatneed to be addressed in the field ofwater andClimateChange– andwhichwill notbemet by relying onmarket signals alone. •Social innovation consists ofnew combinations (or hybrids of existing and new) products,pro- cesses and services. Inorder to succeed, social innovation needs to pay attention to technological aswell asnon-technological dimensions : 1) tech- nology, 2) capacity development,3) governance structures and4) business roadmap. As such, these fourdimensions of the social innovation process cut across organisational, sectoral and disciplinaryboundaries and implynew patterns of stakeholder involvement and learning. • The success of social innovation is relianton the accountability ofdiverse stakeholders and across all government levels. Social Innovation Factsheet #1 • MONITORING 1 AfriAlliance AfriAlliance is a five year project funded by the EuropeanUnion’sHo- rizon 2020 research and innovation programme. AfriAlliance facilitates the collaboration of African and European stakeholders in the areas of water and climate innovation, research,policy and capacitydevelopmentby sup- porting knowledge sharing and technology transfer. Rather than creating new networks, the 16 European and African partners in this project consolidate existing ones. The ultimate objective is to strengthen African preparedness for future climate change challenges. AfriAlliance is led by the IHE Delft Institute forWater Education (Project Director:Dr.UtaWehn) and runs from2016 to 2021. AfriAlliance activities Africa-EU cooperation is taken to a practical level by identifying (non-) technological innovation and solutions for local needs and challenges. AfriAlliance also identifies constraints and develops strategic advice for improving collaborationwithinAfrica and betweenAfrica and the EU. To help improve water and climate Monitoring & Forecasting in Africa, AfriAlliance is developing a triple sensor approach, whereby water and climate data from three independent sources are geo-spatially collocated: space-based (satellites), in-situ hydro-meteorological station observation networks and data collected by citizens. Sharing of knowledge is facilitated through a series of events and through an innovative online platform. Demand-driven AfriAlliance ‘Ac- tion Groups’ bring together African and European peers with relevant knowledge and expertise towork jointly towards solutions. Realisation Authors: Natacha Amorsi, Sonia Siauve (Office International de l’Eau), UtaWehn (IHEDelft). Contributor: Jean-MarieKileshyeOnema (Waternet). GraphicDesign: GillesPapon (Office International de l’Eau). References DESCRIPTION • AfricanClimatePolicyCenter (2013),Policybriefn°12,Climate change and health inAfrica: Issues and options,ClimDev-AfricaProgramme. • United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, African Climate Po- licy Centre (2011), Climate change and health across Africa: issues and options,working paper 20. TECHNICALSOLUTIONS • Akvodatabaseonprojects about all stagesofwater, sanitation andhy- gieneprojects ( available online freely here ). • UnitedNationsGeneral Assembly, Sixty-fourth session - Agenda item 48,Resolution adoptedby theGeneralAssemblyon28 July2010,64/292. The human right towater and sanitation. • WorldHealthOrganization (2017),Guidelines forDrinking-Water qua- lity : Fourth edition incorporating the first addendum, 24thApril. • World Health Organization (no date), Factsheets on environmental sani- tation, prepared by the Robens Institute, University of Surrey, UK ( available onlinehere ). CAPACITYDEVELOPMENT • Vallejo,B. andWehn,U. (2016)CapacityDevelopment Evaluation: The Challenge of the Results Agenda andMeasuring Return on Investment in Capacity Development in the Global South,World Development, Vol. 79, pp.1-13, doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.044. • Wehn, U. (2015) The Global Context: National Capacity Development Strategies, TailorMade Training for contact points of Uganda’s National Water and Environment Capacity Development Strategy, in collaboration with theMinistry forWater and Environment (Uganda),Kampala,Uganda, 10-11November. • North, D. (1990) Institutions, institutional change and economic per- formance.CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge. GOVERNANCESTRUCTURES • Lautze J.,deSilvaS.,GiordanoM.,SanfordL., (2011),Putting the cart before thehorse:Watergovernance and IWRM,NaturalResources Forum, 35, 1-8. • Wehn,U. (2017)Digital transformations and thegovernanceofhuman societies, presentation at EC JointResearchCentre, ISPRA, Italy, 7April. LISTOFACRONYMS • CD :Capacitydevelopment. • SIF :Social Innovation Factsheet. • WHO :WorldHealthOrganization. MORE INFORMATION Further reading Presentationof AFRIALLIANCEHASRECEIVED FUNDING FROMTHE EUROPEANUNION’SHORIZON2020 RESEARCHAND INNOVATIONPROGRAMMEUNDERGRANTAGREEMENTNO 689162 AfriAlliance 1.1 - v9B.indd 1-2 18/06/2018 10:10 Participantes en el proyecto AfriAlliance De un ConTinente a OTRo AfriAlliance AfriAlliance is a five year project funded by the European Union’s Ho- rizon 2020 research and innovation programme. AfriAlliance facilitates the collaboration of African and European stakeholders in the areas of water and climat innovation, research, policy and capacity development by sup- porting knowledge sharing and technology transfer. Rather than creating new networks, the 16 European and African partners in this project consolidate existing ones. The ultimate objective is to strengthen African preparedness for future climate change challenges. AfriAlliance is led by the IHE Delft Institute for Water Education (Project Director: Dr. Uta Wehn) and runs from 2016 to 2021. AfriAllianc ctiviti s Africa-EU cooperation is taken to a practical level by identifying (non-) technological innovation and solutions for local needs and challenges. AfriAlliance also identifies constraints and develops strategic advice for improving collaboration within Africa and between Africa and the EU. To help improve water and climate Monitoring & Forecasting in Africa, AfriAlliance is developing a triple sensor approach, whereby water and climate data from three independent sources are geo-spatially collocated: space-based (satellites), in-situ hydro-meteorological station observati n networks and data collected by citizens. Sharing of knowledge is facilitated through a series of events and through an innovative online platform. Demand-driven AfriAlliance ‘Ac- tion Groups’ bring together Afric n and European peers with relevant knowledge and expertise to work jointly towards solutions. Realisation Authors: Natacha Amorsi, Sonia Siauve (Office International de l’Eau), Uta Wehn (IHE Delft). Contributor: Jean-Marie Kileshye Onema (Waternet). Graphic Design: Gilles Papon (Office International de l’Eau). References DESCRIPTION • African Climate Policy Center (2013), Policy brief n°12, Climate change and health in Africa: Issues and options, ClimDev-Africa Programme. • United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, African Climate Po- licy Centre (2011), Climate change and health across Africa: issues and options, working paper 20. TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS • Akvo database on projects about all stages of water, sanitation and hy- giene projects ( available online freely here ). • United Nations General Assembly, Sixty-fourth session - Agenda item 48, Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 28 July 2010, 64/292. The human right to water and sanitation. • World Health Organization (2017), Guidelines for Drinking-Water qua- lity : Fourth edition incorporating the first addendum, 24th April. • World Heal h Organization (no date), Factsheets on environmental sani- tation, prepared by the Robens Institute, University of Surrey, UK ( available online here ). CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT • Vallejo, B. and Wehn, U. (2016) Capacity Development Evaluation: The Challenge of the Results Agenda and Measuring Return on Investment in Capacity Development in the Global South, World Development, Vol. 79, pp.1-13, doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.044. • Wehn, U. (2015) The Global Context: National Capacity Development Strategies, Tailor Made Training for contact points of Uganda’s National Water and Environment Capacity Development Strategy, in collaboration with the Ministry for Water and Environment (Uganda), Kampala, Uganda, 10-11 November. • North, D. (1990) Institutions, institut nal change and economic per- formance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES • Lautze J., de Silva S., Giordano M., Sanford L., (2011), Putting the cart before the horse: Water gov rnance and IWRM, Natural Resources Forum, 35, 1-8. • Wehn, U. (2017) Digital transformations and the governance of human societies, presentation at EC Joint Research Centre, ISPRA, Italy, 7 April. LIST OF ACRONYMS • CD : Capacity development. • SIF : Social Innovation Factsheet. • WHO : World Health Organization. MORE INFORMATION Further reading Presentation of AFRIALLIANCE HAS RECEIVED FUNDING FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION’S HORIZON 2020 RESEARCH AND INNOVATION PROGRAMME UNDER GRANT AGREEMENT NO 689162 AfriAlliance 1.1 - v9B.indd 1-2