OIEau - Les Nouvelles

28 Les nouvelles N° 29 - Février 2019 A f r i que Le projet européen AfriAlliance (2016- 2021) arrive à mi- parcours et termine sa troisième année avec un bilan très positif sur les différentes activités menées. Le projet a pour objectif de renforcer les capa- cités de l’Afrique à répondre aux enjeux liés au changement climatique en développant le travail conjoint et le partage de solutions innovantes entre réseaux existants d’Afrique et d’Europe. L’OIEau et le RIOB sont tous deux partenaires au sein du consortium comptant 14 autres réseaux répartis en Europe et sur le continent Africain. De nouveaux ateliers d’échanges sur les besoins en innovation sociale liés à l’eau et aux impacts du changement climatique ont eu lieu au Mali et au Kenya, venant boucler un premier cycle de rencontres entre les or- ganismes de bassin, les chercheurs, les or- ganisations de la société civile et les services d’eau. Les résultats de ces ateliers ont permis d’ali- menter la réflexion sur l’état de la recherche, la disponibilité des résultats et de proposer des orientations stratégiques nouvelles en matière de financement de la recherche. Dans un premier temps, une liste de besoins en innovation sociale a été établie. Ensuite, les partenaires ont collecté des données sur les solutions existantes en réponse aux besoins identifiés. Les besoins et résultats de recherche alimentent une base de données gérée par l’OIEau qui est aussi responsable de la réalisation d’un rapport présentant un état des lieux général. En matière de communication, une nouvelle série de fiches thématiques sur l’innovation sociale est sur le point de voir le jour. Une première série disponible en français et en anglais sur le site du projet traitait du thème général de la surveillance. Cette seconde série s’intéresse à la gestion des ressources en eau dans le contexte du chan- gement climatique. Le projet entame une nouvelle phase d’évé- nements mettant cette fois-ci à l’honneur la transférabilité des solutions en conviant les acteurs de terrains et les fournisseurs à se rencontrer lors d’ateliers de transfert et d’ate- liers itinérants de démonstration de solutions innovantes à travers l’Afrique. Toutes les informations sont disponibles sur le site : www.afrialliance.org 4 Afri-Alliance Des solutions innovantes pour l’eau et le climat en Afrique CEEAC Création d’un Organisme de Bassin Transfrontalier en Afrique Centrale Le groupement formé par BRL Ingénierie et l’OIEau a été retenu pour mener une étude visant la création d’un Organisme de Bassin Transfrontalier pour la Com- munauté Economique des Etats d’Afrique Centrale (CEEAC). En effet, afin de rendre effectif le proces- sus de Gestion Intégrée des Ressources en Eau (GIRE) sur l’ensemble de son territoire, la CEEAC souhaite mettre en place une structure regroupant quatre de ses Pays- Membres (Cameroun, Congo, Gabon, Guinée Equatoriale) pour une meilleure gestion partagée des ressources en eau des Bassins de l’Ogooué, du Ntem, de la Nyanga et du Komo. Sur ces bassins, des thématiques comme le suivi hydrologique commun ou le déve- loppement de l’hydroélectricité néces- sitent une bonne coordination de tous les états concernés. Dans le cadre de cette étude, l’OIEau assure le pilotage technique en matière de GIRE. Le projet a démarré au dernier trimestre 2018, avec la tenue d’un atelier de lancement rassemblant les représentants des différents pays impliqués. 4 AfriAlliance AfriAlliance is a five year project funded by the European Union’s Ho- rizon 2020 research and innovation programme. AfriAlliance facilitates the collaboration of African and European stakeholders in the areas of water and climate innovation, research, policy and capacity development by sup- porting knowledge sharing and technology transfer. Rather than c ating new networks, the 16 European and Afr can partners in this project consolidate existing ones. The ultimate objective is to strengthen African preparedness for future climate change challenges. AfriAlliance is l d by th IHE Delft Institut for Water Educatio (Proj ct Director: Dr. Uta Wehn) and runs from 2016 to 2021. AfriAlliance activities Africa-EU cooperation is taken to a practical level by identifying (non-) technological innovation and solutions for local needs and challenges. AfriAlliance also identifies constraints and develops strategic advice for improving collaboration within Africa and between Africa and the EU. To help improve water and climat Monitoring & Forecasting in Africa, AfriAlliance is developing a triple sensor approach, whereby water and climate data from three independent sources are geo-spatially collocated: space-based (satellites), in-situ hydro-meteorological station observation networks and data collected by citizens. Sharing of knowledge is facilitated through a series of events and through an innovative online platform. Demand-driven AfriAlliance ‘Ac- tion Groups’ bring together African and European peers with relevant knowledge and expertise to work jointly towards solutions. Realisation Authors: Natacha Amorsi, Sonia Siauve (Office International de l’Eau), Uta Wehn (IHE Delft). Contributor: Jean-Marie Kileshye Onema (Waternet). Graphic Design: Gilles Papon (Office International de l’Eau). References DESCRIPTION • African Climate Policy Center (2013), Policy brief n°12, Climate change and health in Africa: Issues and options, ClimDev-Africa Programme. • United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, African Climate Po- licy Centre (2011), Climate change and health across Africa: issues and options, working paper 20. TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS • Akvo database on projects about all stages of water, sanitation and hy- giene projects ( available online freely here ). • United Nations General Assembly, Sixty-fourth session - Agenda item 48, Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 28 July 2010, 64/292. The human right to water and sanitation. • World Health Organization (2017), Guidelines for Drinki g-Water qua- lity : Fourth edition incorporating the first addendum, 24th April. • World Health Organization (no date), Factsheets on environmental sani- tation, prepared by the Robens Institute, University of Surrey, UK ( available online here ). CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT • Vallejo, B. and Wehn, U. (2016) Capacity Development Evaluation: The Challenge of the Results Agenda and Measuring Return on Investment in Capacity Development in the Global South, World Development, Vol. 79, pp.1-13, doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.044. • Wehn, U. (2015) The Global Context: National Capacity Development Strategies, Tailor Made Training for contact points of Uganda’s National Water and Environment Capacity Development Strategy, in collaboration with the Ministry for Water and Envir nment (Uganda), Kampala, Uganda, 10-11 November. • North, D. (1990) Institutions, institutional change and economic per- formance. Cambridge University Pre s, Cambridge. GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES • Lautze J., de Silva S., Giordano M., Sanford L., (2011), Putting the cart before the horse: Water governance and IWRM, Natural Resources Forum, 35, 1-8. • Wehn, U. (2017) Digital transformations and the governance of human societies, presentation at EC Joint Research Centre, ISPRA, Italy, 7 April. LIST OF ACRONYMS • CD : Capacity development. • SIF : Social Innovation Factsheet. • WHO : World Health Organization. MORE INFORMATION Further reading Presentation of AFRIALLIANCE HAS RECEIVED FUNDING FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION’S HORIZON 2020 RESEARCH AND INNOVATION PROGRAMME UNDER GRANT AGREEMENT NO 689162 AfriAlliance 1.1 - v9B.indd 1-2 DGENVIRONNEMENT DGEnvironment Atelier de lancement - Décembre 2018 afri alliance social innovation Monitoring «drinkingwater » quality for improvedhealth inAfrica The overall objective of the AfriAlliance Social Inno- vation Factsheets (SIF) is to highlight innovation oppor- tunities that scientists, NGOs, managers and SMEs can act upon, in order to foster short-term improvements in the preparedness of African stakeholders for water and climate change challenges. Over the duration of AfriAlliance (2016-2021), four setsofSIFswillbedelivered. Each setwill coveronemain theme and explore it across five Social Innovation Fact- sheets.Monitoring is themain themeof thisfirst seriesof SIFs, covering the followingfive sub-themes: Monitoring«drinkingwater»quality for improved health inAfrica (thisSIF). Monitoring ofwater availability in terms f quality andquantity for food security. Monitoring climate for early warning systems to prepare for extremeweather events. Monitoringgroundwaterquantity toensuresustai- nableuse and avoidwater conflicts. Monitoringwaterpollutionby industriesandurban areas to protect human health and ecosystems. As detailed below, social innovation combines four dimensions: technological,governance, capacitydevelop- ment and business roadmap. Each is described in a spe- cific section of this thematicSocial Innovation Factsheet. DESCRIPTION Access to safe and cleandrinking-water is abasichuman right, asdeclared during the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in 2010.Morever, an in- dicator and target on safe drinking-waterwas included in the UN Sustainable DevelopmentGoals, in 2015. Climate change is recognised to have “both direct and indirect impact on human health” (ClimDev-Africa, 2013; UNECA, 2011). This social in- novation factsheet focuses on the link between climate (change) impact and water availability that endangerspopu- lation health as “many of Africa’s cur- renthealthproblemsarea resultof fre- quentcontactwithcontaminatedwater and open sewerage” (ClimDev-Africa, 2013;UNECA,2011).Outbreaksofdiseases transmittedbywaterhave amajor impact on human health through diseases such as cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A andmany types of diarrhoea.Water qualitymonitoring is as amajor concern forsociety. In termsofwaterqualityand its related impactsonhealth, twomain sources of pollution can be distinguished: chemical and (micro)biological. As thechemicalsource isgenerallychronicandof long term impact (except forac- cidental pollution),monitoring themicrobiological quality ofwater is of higher priority. The quality ofwater depending on the living area - urban or rural - varies a lot according to its source (rainwater, surfacewater or groundwater) as the water supplies’ treat-ment cost. Generally, groundwater sources are of better quality andmay only require source protection and disinfection,whereas sur- facewater is often contaminated and requires treatment beforeuse. 1 2 3 4 5 SOCIETALCHALLENGES INAFRICADUE TOCLIMATECHANGE •Given themanifesta- tionsofClimateChange and theconstraintsof ecosystemsaswellas socio-economicsystems, thesocietalchallenges in Africaare to: –ensure foodsecurity, watersecurityandenergy securityand thebalance among them (short term), – transform intoa low carbon, resilientand sustainablesociety (long term). SOCIAL INNOVATION • InAfriAlliance, social innovationmeans tackling societal,water-related challenges arising from ClimateChange by combining the technological& non-technological dimensions of innovation. •Social innovation refers to those processes and outcomes focussed on addressing societal goals, unsatisfied collective needs or societal– as op- posed tomere economic – returns. It is particularly salient in the context of the complex and cross-cut- ting challenges that need to be addressed in the field ofwater andClimateChange – andwhichwill not bemet by relying onmarket signals alone. •Social innovation consists of new combinations (or hybrids of existing and new) products, pro- cesses and services. In order to succeed, social innovation needs to pay attention to technological aswell as non-technological dimensions : 1) tech- nology, 2) capacitydevelopment, 3) governance structures and 4)business roadmap. As such, these four dimensions of the social innovation process cut across organisational, sectoral and disciplinaryboundaries and imply new patterns of stakeholder involvement and learning. • The successof social innovation is reliant on the accountability ofdiverse stakeholders and across all government levels. Social Innovation Factsheet #1 • MONITORING 1 AfriAlliance AfriAlliance is a five year project funded by the EuropeanUnion’sHo- rizon 2020 research and innovation programme. AfriAlliance facilitates the collaboration of African and European stakeholders in the areas of water and climate innovation, research,policy and capacitydevelopmentby sup- porting knowledge sharing and technology transfer. Rather than creating new networks, the 16 European and African partners in this project consolidate existing ones. The ultimate objective is to strengthen African preparedness for future climate change challenges. AfriAlliance is led by the IHE Delft Institute forWater Education (Project Director:Dr.UtaWehn) and runs from 2016 to2021. AfriAlliance activities Africa-EU cooperation is taken to a practical level by identifying (non-) technological innovation and solutions for local needs and challenges. AfriAlliance also identifies constraints and develops strategic advice for improving collaborationwithinAfrica and betweenAfrica and theEU. To help improve water and climate Monitoring & Forecasting in Africa, AfriAlliance is developing a triple sensor approach, whereby water and climate data from three independent sources are geo-spatially collocated: space-based (satellites), in-situ hydro-meteorological station observation networks and data collected by citizens. Sharing of knowledge is facilitated through a series of events and through an innovative online platform. Demand-driven AfriAlliance ‘Ac- tion Groups’ bring together African and European peers with relevant knowledge and expertise towork jointly towards solutions. Realisation Authors: Natacha Amorsi, Sonia Siauve (Office International de l’Eau), UtaWehn (IHEDelft). Contributor: Jean-MarieKileshyeOnema (Waternet). GraphicDesign: GillesPapon (Office International de l’Eau). References DESCRIPTION • AfricanClimatePolicyCenter (2013),Policybriefn°12,Climate change and health inAfrica: Issues andoptions,ClimDev-AfricaProgramme. • United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, African Climate Po- licy Centre (2011), Climate change and health across Africa: issues and options,workingpaper20. TECHNICALSOLUTIONS • Akvodatabaseonprojects about all stagesofwater, sanitation andhy- gieneprojects ( availableonline freely here ). • UnitedNationsGeneral Assembly, Sixty-fourth session - Agenda item 48,Resolution adoptedby theGeneralAssemblyon28 July2010,64/292. The human right towater and sanitation. • WorldHealthOrganization (2017),Guidelines forDrinking-Water qua- lity : Fourth edition incorporating the first addendum,24thApril. • World Health Organization (no date), Factsheets on environmental sani- tation, prepared by the Robens Institute, University of Surrey, UK ( available onlinehere ). CAPACITYDEVELOPMENT • Vallejo,B. andWehn,U. (2016)CapacityDevelopment Evaluation: The Challenge of the Results Agenda andMeasuring Return on Investment in Capacity Development in the Global South,World Development, Vol. 79, pp.1-13,doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.044. • Wehn, U. (2015) The Global Context: National Capacity Development Strategies, TailorMade Training for contact points of Uganda’s National Water and Environment Capacity Development Strategy, in collaboration with theMinistry forWater and Environment (Uganda),Kampala,Uganda, 10-11November. • North, D. (1990) Institutions, institutional change and economic per- formance.CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge. GOVERNANCESTRUCTURES • Lautze J.,deSilvaS.,GiordanoM.,SanfordL., (2011),Putting the cart before thehorse:Watergovernance and IWRM,NaturalResources Forum, 35,1-8. • Wehn,U. (2017)Digital transformations and thegovernanceofhuman societies,presentation atEC JointResearchCentre, ISPRA, Italy,7April. LISTOFACRONYMS • CD :Capacity development. • SIF :Social Innovation Factsheet. • WHO :WorldHealthOrganization. MORE INFORMATION Further reading Presentation of AFRIALLIANCEHASRECEIVED FUNDING FROM THE EUROPEANUNION’SHORIZON 2020 RESEARCHAND INNOVATIONPROGRAMMEUNDERGRANTAGREEMENTNO 689162 AfriAlliance 1.1 - v9B.indd 1-2 18/06/2018 10:10 Les participants au projet Afri-Alliance D’un continent à l’autre